CriticalMaking - Revision history

Juju: /* critical making */

2022-04-27T08:19:43Z

critical making

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	<div class="no-indent">‘Maker spaces’ became a mainstream phenomenon with the creation of the first ‘Fab[rication] Lab’ at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2001 and the launch of ''Make:'' magazine in 2005 with its network of over two hundred licensed ‘Maker Faire’ conventions <br>in more than forty countries. From the perspective of digital media artists, ‘maker culture’ boiled down to <br>a mainstreaming and commercialization of radical technological <mark class="c7">diy</mark> that had existed from Nam June Paik’s self-constructed video synthesizer in the 1960s to, among others, artists’ experiments with self-built radio and tv infrastructures in the 1970s and 1980s, and the ‘tactical media’ movement of the 1990s.</div>		<div class="no-indent">‘Maker spaces’ became a mainstream phenomenon with the creation of the first ‘Fab[rication] Lab’ at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2001 and the launch of ''Make:'' magazine in 2005 with its network of over two hundred licensed ‘Maker Faire’ conventions <br>in more than forty countries. From the perspective of digital media artists, ‘maker culture’ boiled down to <br>a mainstreaming and commercialization of radical technological <mark class="c7">diy</mark> that had existed from Nam June Paik’s self-constructed video synthesizer in the 1960s to, among others, artists’ experiments with self-built radio and tv infrastructures in the 1970s and 1980s, and the ‘tactical media’ movement of the 1990s.</div>

	This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):		This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make:'' magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):

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	In a series of freely distributed and freely downloadable critical making zines, Hertz positions critical making as an umbrella term for any art and design practice that experiments with technology in critical or non-mainstream ways: from the post-punk robotics of the 1980s Californian ''Survival Research Labs'' collective to ‘tactical media’ art like the political graffiti-spraying robots of the ''Institute of Applied Autonomy'', the ‘critical engineering’ of the homonymous collective around Danja Vasiliev and Julian Oliver, to the ''critical design'' of Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby (which [Ratto] differentiates from his own concept of critical making).		In a series of freely distributed and freely downloadable critical making zines, Hertz positions critical making as an umbrella term for any art and design practice that experiments with technology in critical or non-mainstream ways: from the post-punk robotics of the 1980s Californian Survival Research Labs collective to ‘tactical media’ art like the political graffiti-spraying robots of the Institute of Applied Autonomy, the ‘critical engineering’ of the homonymous collective around Danja Vasiliev and Julian Oliver, to the ''critical design'' of Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby (which Ratto differentiates from his own concept of critical making).

	===critical making as a design ethos===		===critical making as a design ethos===

Juju: /* critical making */

2022-04-18T15:40:42Z

critical making

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	[[File:Make_magazine-smaller-adjusted.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]		[[File:Make_magazine-smaller-adjusted.jpg\|thumb\|''Make:'' magazine, vol. 25, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011.]]

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	[[File:Made-web-smaller-adjusted.jpg\|thumb\|''Made'' (parody of ''Make'' magazine), Garnet Hertz, 2012]]		[[File:Made-web-smaller-adjusted.jpg\|thumb\|''Made:'' (parody of ''Make:'' magazine), Garnet Hertz, 2012.]]

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	pp. 252–60.</div>		pp. 252–60.</div>

	<div class="referencing">Ratto, Matt, and Megan Boler, eds. ''DIY Citizenship: Critical Making <br>		<div class="referencing">Ratto, Matt, and Megan Boler, eds. ''DIY Citizenship: Critical Making'' <br>
	and Social Media''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014.</div>		''and Social Media''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014.</div>

Hd-onions: /* critical making */

2022-04-12T09:05:15Z

critical making

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	<span class="author">Florian Cramer</span>		<span class="author">Florian Cramer</span>

	On its most simple level, ''critical making'' is a contraction of ‘making’ and ‘critical thinking’.<ref>Hertz, ‘Two Terms.’</ref> According to its inventor Matt Ratto, critical making ‘signals a desire to theoretically and pragmatically connect two modes of engagement with the world that are often held separate—critical thinking, typically understood as conceptually and linguistically based, and physical ‘making,’ goal-based material work’.<ref>Ratto, ‘Critical Making’, p. 254.</ref> Critical making thus fuses theory and practice, idea and matter; domains that were traditionally separated in Western culture <mark class="c6">(material practice</mark>).		<div class="no-indent">On its most simple level, ''critical making'' is a contraction of ‘making’ and ‘critical thinking’.<ref>Hertz, ‘Two Terms.’</ref> According to its inventor Matt Ratto, critical making ‘signals a desire to theoretically and pragmatically connect two modes of engagement with the world that are often held separate—critical thinking, typically understood as conceptually and linguistically based, and physical ‘making,’ goal-based material work’.<ref>Ratto, ‘Critical Making’, p. 254.</ref> Critical making thus fuses theory and practice, idea and matter; domains that were traditionally separated in Western culture <mark class="c6">(material practice</mark>).</div>

	Critical making has a cultural and material affinity to maker culture and simple-to-use digital technologies (such as Open Source software, social media and 3D printing) that are thought to foster <br>		Critical making has a cultural and material affinity to maker culture and simple-to-use digital technologies (such as Open Source software, social media and 3D printing) that are thought to foster <br>

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	[[File:Make_magazine.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]		[[File:Make_magazine-smaller-adjusted.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]

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Hd-onions: /* critical making */

2022-04-10T18:29:23Z

critical making

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	This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):		This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):

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	[[File:Make_magazine-smaller-adjusted.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]		[[File:Make_magazine-smaller-adjusted.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]
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	This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):		This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):

	[[File:Make_magazine-smaller.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]		[[File:Make_magazine-smaller-adjusted.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]

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	This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):		This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):

	~~<span class="page-break"> </span>~~		[[File:Make_magazine-smaller.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]

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	This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):		This difference in politics is epitomized by a cover of ''Make'': magazine (vol. 25, 2011) and its parody, ''Made:'' by the designer and artist Garnet Hertz (2012):

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	[[File:Make_magazine-renewed.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]		[[File:Make_magazine-renewed.jpg\|thumb\|''Make'' magazine, vol. 11, O'Reilly Publishers, 2011]]

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	[[File:Made-web.jpg\|thumb\|''Made'' (parody of ''Make'' magazine), Garnet Hertz, 2012]]		[[File:Made-web.jpg\|thumb\|''Made'' (parody of ''Make'' magazine), Garnet Hertz, 2012]]